CeramicsGlossary

Your complete reference guide to pottery and ceramics terminology. From beginner basics to advanced techniques.

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Showing 26 of 26 terms

Bisque/bisk/

Firing

Clay that has been fired once to remove moisture and make it porous for glazing. Also called biscuit ware.

Centering/SEN-ter-ing/

Wheel Throwing

The process of making clay perfectly round and balanced on the pottery wheel before shaping.

Cone/kohn/

Firing

Pyrometric cones that bend at specific temperatures to indicate kiln heat work. Used to monitor firing progress.

Earthenware/URTH-en-wair/

Clay Types

Low-fire clay body that remains porous after firing, typically fired between cone 04-06 (1830-1886°F).

Foot/foot/

Forms

The base of a pottery piece, often trimmed to create a ring that the piece sits on.

Glaze/glayze/

Glazing

A glass-like coating applied to pottery that melts during firing to create a waterproof, decorative surface.

Greenware/GREEN-wair/

Clay States

Unfired pottery that is completely dry and ready for bisque firing. Very fragile at this stage.

Grog/grog/

Materials

Ground-up fired clay added to clay bodies to reduce shrinkage and add texture.

Kiln/kil or kiln/

Equipment

High-temperature oven used to fire pottery, available in electric, gas, wood, and other fuel types.

Leather Hard/LETH-er hard/

Clay States

Clay that has dried to a firm but still workable consistency, ideal for trimming and carving.

Majolica/mah-JOL-ih-kah/

Techniques

Decorating technique where colorants are painted over an unfired tin-white glaze.

Oxidation/ok-sih-DAY-shun/

Firing

Firing atmosphere with plenty of oxygen, typically producing bright, true colors in glazes.

Plasticity/plas-TIS-ih-tee/

Clay Properties

The ability of clay to be shaped and hold its form without cracking or breaking.

Porcelain/PORE-suh-lin/

Clay Types

High-fire, white clay body that becomes vitreous and translucent when fired to maturity.

Pulling/PULL-ing/

Wheel Throwing

The technique of drawing clay upward to form walls when throwing on the pottery wheel.

Raku/RAH-koo/

Techniques

Japanese firing technique involving removing hot pottery from kiln and placing in combustible materials.

Reduction/rih-DUK-shun/

Firing

Firing atmosphere with limited oxygen, often creating unique color effects in clay and glazes.

Slip/slip/

Materials

Liquid clay mixture used for decorating, joining pieces, or casting in molds.

Stoneware/STOHN-wair/

Clay Types

Mid to high-fire clay body that becomes vitreous and durable, typically fired cone 6-10.

Terra Cotta/TAIR-ah KOT-ah/

Clay Types

Low-fire, iron-rich clay that fires to an orange-red color, often used for garden pottery.

Throwing/THROH-ing/

Wheel Throwing

The process of shaping clay on a pottery wheel to create round, symmetrical forms.

Trimming/TRIM-ing/

Techniques

Removing excess clay from the bottom of a piece when leather hard to refine the form.

Underglaze/UN-der-glayze/

Glazing

Colored decoration applied to bisque ware before glazing, fired under a clear or transparent glaze.

Vitrification/vit-rih-fih-KAY-shun/

Firing

The process of clay particles fusing together during firing to create a strong, non-porous body.

Wedging/WEJ-ing/

Preparation

Kneading clay to remove air bubbles and create uniform consistency before use.

Wheel Head/wheel hed/

Equipment

The flat, round surface on top of a pottery wheel where clay is centered and shaped.

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Quick Reference by Category

Clay Types

Earthenware- Low-fire clay body that remains porous after firin...
Porcelain- High-fire, white clay body that becomes vitreous a...
Stoneware- Mid to high-fire clay body that becomes vitreous a...
Terra Cotta- Low-fire, iron-rich clay that fires to an orange-r...

Wheel Throwing

Centering- The process of making clay perfectly round and bal...
Pulling- The technique of drawing clay upward to form walls...
Throwing- The process of shaping clay on a pottery wheel to ...

Firing

Bisque- Clay that has been fired once to remove moisture a...
Cone- Pyrometric cones that bend at specific temperature...
Oxidation- Firing atmosphere with plenty of oxygen, typically...
Reduction- Firing atmosphere with limited oxygen, often creat...

+1 more terms

Glazing

Glaze- A glass-like coating applied to pottery that melts...
Underglaze- Colored decoration applied to bisque ware before g...

Techniques

Majolica- Decorating technique where colorants are painted o...
Raku- Japanese firing technique involving removing hot p...
Trimming- Removing excess clay from the bottom of a piece wh...

Equipment

Kiln- High-temperature oven used to fire pottery, availa...
Wheel Head- The flat, round surface on top of a pottery wheel ...

Materials

Grog- Ground-up fired clay added to clay bodies to reduc...
Slip- Liquid clay mixture used for decorating, joining p...

Clay States

Greenware- Unfired pottery that is completely dry and ready f...
Leather Hard- Clay that has dried to a firm but still workable c...

Forms

Foot- The base of a pottery piece, often trimmed to crea...

Clay Properties

Plasticity- The ability of clay to be shaped and hold its form...

Preparation

Wedging- Kneading clay to remove air bubbles and create uni...

Essential Terms for New Ceramicists

Centering/SEN-ter-ing/

The process of making clay perfectly round and balanced on the pottery wheel before shaping.

Throwing/THROH-ing/

The process of shaping clay on a pottery wheel to create round, symmetrical forms.

Bisque/bisk/

Clay that has been fired once to remove moisture and make it porous for glazing. Also called biscuit ware.

Glaze/glayze/

A glass-like coating applied to pottery that melts during firing to create a waterproof, decorative surface.

Leather Hard/LETH-er hard/

Clay that has dried to a firm but still workable consistency, ideal for trimming and carving.

Wedging/WEJ-ing/

Kneading clay to remove air bubbles and create uniform consistency before use.

Kiln/kil or kiln/

High-temperature oven used to fire pottery, available in electric, gas, wood, and other fuel types.

Trimming/TRIM-ing/

Removing excess clay from the bottom of a piece when leather hard to refine the form.

Greenware/GREEN-wair/

Unfired pottery that is completely dry and ready for bisque firing. Very fragile at this stage.

Stoneware/STOHN-wair/

Mid to high-fire clay body that becomes vitreous and durable, typically fired cone 6-10.

Pronunciation Guide

Common ceramics terms that are often mispronounced:

Bisque
/bisk/
Centering
/SEN-ter-ing/
Cone
/kohn/
Earthenware
/URTH-en-wair/
Foot
/foot/
Glaze
/glayze/
Greenware
/GREEN-wair/
Grog
/grog/
Kiln
/kil or kiln/
Leather Hard
/LETH-er hard/
Majolica
/mah-JOL-ih-kah/
Oxidation
/ok-sih-DAY-shun/